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Technical analysis. An approach to market analysis that attempts to forecast price movements by examining and charting the patterns formed by past movements in prices, trading volume, the ratio of advancing to declining stocks and other statistics. For contrast, see fundamental analysis.
Tender offer. An offer to shareholders to buy their shares of stock in a company. Tender offers are usually a key element of a strategy to take over, or buy out, a company and thus are usually made at a higher-than-market price to encourage shareholders to accept them.
10-K. A detailed financial report that must be filed by a firm each year with the Securities and Exchange Commission. It is much more detailed than a typical annual report published and sent to shareholders.
Total return. A measure of investment performance that starts with price changes, then adds in the results of reinvesting all earnings, such as interest or dividends, generated by the investment during the period being measured.
Triple witching hour. A phrase made popular by program trading, it is the last hour of stock market trading on the third Friday of March, June, September and December. That's when options and futures contracts expire on market indexes used by program traders to hedge their positions in stocks. The simultaneous expirations often set off heavy buying and selling of options, futures and the underlying stocks themselves, thus creating the "triple" witching hour.
12b-1 fees. An extra fee charged by some mutual funds to cover the costs of promotion and marketing. In practice, 12b-1 fees are often used to compensate brokers for selling low-load and no-load funds. The effect of the fee is reflected in the performance figures reported by the funds.
Yield. In general, the return earned by an investment. In discussing bonds, yield can be any of several kinds. "Coupon yield" is the interest rate paid on the face value of the bond, which is usually $1,000. "Current yield" is the interest rate bas ed on the actual purchase price of the bond, which may be higher or lower than the face amount. "Yield to maturity" is the rate that takes into account the current yield and the difference between the purchase price and the face value, with the difference assumed to be paid in equal installments over the remaining life of the bond.
Zero-coupon bond. A bond that pays all its interest at maturity but none prior to maturity. These "zeros" sell at a deep discount to face value and are especially suitable for long-term investment goals with a definite time horizon, such as college tuition or retirement.
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